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Sunday, October 22, 2023

+2 English NOTE - UNIT – 4 , LESSON - 2 . RICE ( Chemmanam Chacko )

 


RICE

Chemmanam Chacko

 

                                

Summary

The poem is about the changes that have taken place in Kerala's agricultural landscape. The speaker, who has been away for four years, returns home to find that his father has stopped farming rice and has instead planted rubber trees and arecanut palms. The speaker is disappointed, as he had been looking forward to eating a meal of athikira rice.

The speaker's father explains that he has stopped farming rice because it was not profitable. He says that the government gives rice to those who do not have paddy fields, so there is no need to grow it. The speaker is dismayed by this, as he sees it as a sign of the government's neglect of the agricultural sector.

The poem ends with the speaker wondering if the government will give him some husk from the Centre, so that he can make toys with it. This is a sarcastic reference to the government's failure to support the agricultural sector.

The poem is a satire on the government's policies towards agriculture. It highlights the way in which the government has neglected the agricultural sector, leading to the replacement of rice cultivation with cash crops. The poem also suggests that the government is not doing enough to support the farmers who are still growing rice.

The poem is also a reflection on the changes that have taken place in Kerala's agricultural landscape. It shows how the traditional way of life is disappearing, as farmers are forced to switch to cash crops in order to survive. The poem is a lament for the loss of a way of life, and a warning about the dangers of environmental destruction.

 

 

 

1. What are the memories of the narrator about the paddy cultivating season in Kerala?

The narrator of the poem "Rice" by Chemmanam Chacko has many fond memories of the paddy cultivating season in Kerala. He remembers the excitement of his father greeting him from the fields, the shouts of ploughing with several oxen, and the tenderness of the saplings that were planted in the field. He also remembers the smell of the freshly cooked rice and the taste of athikira rice, a type of rice that is native to Kerala.

The narrator's memories of the paddy cultivating season are associated with happiness, excitement, and family. He remembers his father being proud of his work and the feeling of satisfaction that comes from eating a meal that one has helped to produce. The poem suggests that the paddy cultivating season was a time of great joy and celebration for the narrator and his family.

 The poet presents some specific memories of the narrator about the paddy cultivating season in Kerala:

His father greeting him from the fields, his handloom dhoti stained with yellow mud.The shouts of ploughing with several oxen.The tender saplings planted in the field.The baskets with rice on the dyke and taste of athikira rice.

These memories are significant because they represent a traditional way of life that is disappearing. The poem suggests that the loss of the paddy cultivating season is a loss of innocence, happiness, and family.

2. The narrator wants the train to move a little faster. What does this tell us about his feeling for his native village?

The narrator of the poem "Rice" by Chemmanam Chacko wants the train to move a little faster so that he can get home quickly and eat his fill of athikira rice. It tells us a lot about his feelings for his native village. It shows that he has a deep love and affection for his home, and that he is eager to return to it after being away for four years.

The narrator's longing for his home is evident in the way he describes it. He remembers the smell of the freshly cooked rice and the taste of athikira rice, which are both symbols of comfort and familiarity. He also remembers the excitement of his father greeting him from the fields and the tenderness of the saplings that were planted in the field. These memories show that the narrator has a strong emotional connection to his home and the people who live there.

The narrator's desire to get home quickly also suggests that he is feeling impatient and restless. He has been away for four years and he is eager to be reunited with his family and friends. He misses the familiar sights and sounds of his village, and he wants to experience the warmth and hospitality of his home again.

Overall, the narrator's desire to get home quickly shows that he has a deep love and affection for his native village. He is eager to return to it after being away for four years and he misses the familiar sights, sounds, and tastes of his home.

3. What changes in the native village does the narrator notice on his return?

When the narrator of the poem "Rice" by Chemmanam Chacko returns to his native village, he is shocked to see the changes that have taken place. He remembers the palm-thatched houses that could be seen in the distance, but now there is nothing but trees. The rubber plants, which are twice his height, have replaced the modan and vellaran that used to be sown on the ridge. The fields below the house are now planted with arecanut palms, and in the corner, along the canal, stand the dealwood trees.

The narrator's father explains that he had stopped farming rice because it was not profitable. He says that the government gives rice to those who do not have paddy fields, so there is no need to grow it. The narrator is dismayed by this, as he sees it as a sign of the government's neglect of the agricultural sector.

The changes in the narrator's native village are symbolic of the changes that have taken place in Kerala's agricultural landscape. The traditional way of life is disappearing, as farmers are forced to switch to cash crops in order to survive. The poem is a lament for the loss of a way of life, and a warning about the dangers of monoculture.There is a machine for making rubber sheets in his father's house. These changes are significant because they represent the loss of traditional culture and identity. The poem suggests that the loss of rice cultivation is a loss of innocence, happiness, and family.

4. Bring out the satire in the poem 'Rice'

The poem "Rice" by Chemmanam Chacko is full of satirical elements. The speaker uses satire to criticize the government's neglect of the agricultural sector and the farmers' switch to cash crops.

Here are some specific examples of satire in the poem:

•  The speaker's disappointment at not being able to eat a meal of athikira rice is a satirical comment on the government's failure to support the production of traditional food crops.

•  The speaker's father's explanation that he stopped farming rice because as it was not profitable is a satirical dig at the government's economic policies, which have made it difficult for farmers to make a living.

•  The speaker's sarcastic question whether the government will give him some husk from the Centre to make toys with is a satirical comment on the government's indifference to the needs of farmers.

•  The image of the Chief Minister flying off to the Centre to clamour for more grains is a satirical dig at the government's hypocrisy.

The poem also uses satire to highlight the negative impact of government policies on the lives of farmers. The speaker's father is forced to switch to cash crops in order to survive, even though he knows that this is not the best thing for the land or the community. The poem suggests that the government's policies are leading to the destruction of traditional agriculture and the displacement of farmers.

Overall, the satire in the poem "Rice" is used to criticize the government's neglect of the agricultural sector and the farmers' switch to cash crops. The poem highlights the negative impact of government policies on the lives of farmers and suggests that these policies are leading to the destruction of traditional agriculture and the displacement of farmers.

5. What changes have occurred in the lifestyle of the farmers when they shifted from food crops to cash crops?

When farmers shifted from food crops to cash crops, there are a number of changes that occurred in their lifestyle.

•  Increased income: Cash crops are often more profitable than food crops, so farmers can expect to earn more money by switching to cash crops. This can lead to a number of improvements in their lifestyle, such as being able to afford better housing, healthcare, and education for their children.

•  Increased risk: Cash crops are often more risky to grow than food crops. This is because cash crops are often more susceptible to pests and diseases, and they can also be more expensive to produce. As a result, farmers who switch to cash crops may be more vulnerable to financial losses if something goes wrong.

•  Increased workload: Cash crops often require more labour and inputs to grow than food crops. This means that farmers who switch to cash crops may have to work harder and spend more money on their crops.

•  Reduced food security: When farmers switch to cash crops, they may produce less food for their own consumption. This can lead to food insecurity, especially if the farmer has a poor harvest or if the price of food goes up.

In addition to these economic and social changes, there are also some environmental changes that can occur when farmers shift from food crops to cash crops. For example, cash crops can lead to deforestation, soil erosion, and water pollution.

Overall, the changes in the lifestyle of farmers when they shift from food crops to cash crops can be both positive and negative. It is important to weigh the potential benefits and risks before making the decision to switch to cash crops.

6. The poem is a contrast between expectation and reality. How far is this statement correct?

The statement that the poem "Rice" by Chemmanam Chacko is a contrast between expectation and reality is correct. The speaker of the poem expects to return to his native village and find that everything is the same as it was when he left. He expects to eat a meal of athikira rice, to see his father working in the paddy fields, and to hear the shouts of ploughing with several oxen. However, when he arrives, he is shocked to find that everything has changed. The paddy fields have been replaced by rubber plantations and arecanut groves, and his father is now working in a machine for making rubber sheets.

The contrast between the speaker's expectations and reality is a reflection of the changes that have taken place in Kerala's agricultural landscape. The traditional way of life is disappearing, as farmers are forced to switch to cash crops in order to survive. The poem suggests that the loss of rice cultivation is a loss of innocence, happiness, and family.

The contrast between expectation and reality is also evident in the speaker's relationship with the government. The speaker expects the government to support the production of traditional food crops and to help farmers make a living. However, the government's policies have made it difficult for farmers to grow rice and other food crops. As a result, the speaker is disappointed and disillusioned with the government.

Overall, the poem "Rice" is a powerful contrast between expectation and reality. The speaker's experience of returning to his native village is a microcosm of the changes that have taken place in Kerala's agricultural landscape and in the lives of the farmers.

7. Comment on the style of writing of the poem?

The style of writing of the poem "Rice" by Chemmanam Chacko is simple and direct. The poem is written in free verse, without any regular meter or rhyme scheme. The speaker uses a variety of poetic devices, such as imagery, metaphors, and similes, to convey his feelings and ideas.

The poem is full of vivid imagery. The speaker describes the paddy fields, the rubber plantations, and the arecanut groves in detail. He also describes the people and objects that he sees, such as his father working in the machine for making rubber sheets and the Chief Minister flying off to the Centre to clamour for more grains.

The speaker uses metaphors and similes to compare the old way of life to the new one. For example, he compares the rubber trees to "ships of the sky" and the Chief Minister to an "arrow." These comparisons suggest that the new way of life is fast-paced and impersonal.

The poem is written in a clear and concise style. The speaker uses simple language that is easy to understand. He also avoids using complex sentence structures. This makes the poem accessible to a wide range of readers.

Overall, the style of writing of the poem "Rice" is simple, direct, and effective. The speaker uses a variety of poetic devices to convey his feelings and ideas in a way that is both clear and accessible to the reader.

8. Instead of a system of values, we have a market ruling us, making decisions for us.  Considering the statement in the light of reading the poem Rice.

The statement "Instead of a system of values, we have a market ruling us, making decisions for us" is a powerful critique of the way that capitalism has come to dominate our lives. It suggests that we are no longer guided by our values, but by the forces of supply and demand.

The poem "Rice" by Chemmanam Chacko provides a good example of how the market can make decisions for us. The farmer in the poem is forced to switch from growing rice, which is a staple food crop, to growing rubber trees, which are a cash crop. This is because rubber trees are more profitable than rice. However, the farmer knows that switching to rubber trees will have negative consequences for the environment and the community.

The poem suggests that the market is not concerned with the long-term consequences of its decisions. It is only concerned with short-term profits. This is because the market is driven by greed and selfishness.

The dominance of the market in our lives has a number of negative consequences. It leads to the exploitation of workers, the destruction of the environment, and the erosion of our traditional values.

In order to counter the dominance of the market, we need to develop a system of values that is based on cooperation, compassion, and sustainability. We need to learn to make decisions that are good for the long term, even if they are not always the most profitable decisions.

We can start by making small changes in our own lives. We can choose to buy from businesses that are ethical and sustainable. We can also support organizations that are working to create a more just and sustainable world.

By working together, we can create a world where the market does not rule us, but where we rule the market.

9. In the poem Rice, Chemmanam Chacko pictures how rubber trees have taken the place of paddy.How is this change reflected in the attitude of the farmer in the poem?

The change from paddy to rubber trees is reflected in the attitude of the farmer in the poem "Rice" by Chemmanam Chacko in a number of ways.

First, the farmer is now more concerned with profit than with producing food for his community. He knows that rubber trees are more profitable than rice, so he has switched to growing them, even though he knows that this is not the best thing for the land or the community.

Second, the farmer is now more dependent on the market. He has to buy husk from the government in order to make toys, and he has to sell his rubber to the market in order to make a living. This makes him more vulnerable to the fluctuations of the market.

Third, the farmer has lost some of his traditional knowledge and skills. He no longer knows how to grow rice, and he is not as familiar with the land as he used to be. This has made him less independent and less self-sufficient.

Overall, the change from paddy to rubber trees has made the farmer more materialistic, more dependent on the market, and less independent. It has also led to a loss of traditional knowledge and skills.

Here are some specific examples from the poem that show how the farmer's attitude has changed:

•  The farmer says that he stopped farming rice because it was not profitable. This shows that he is now more concerned with profit than with producing food for his community.

•  The farmer says that the government gives rice to those who do not have paddy fields. This shows that he is now more dependent on the market.

•  The farmer does not know how to grow rice anymore. This shows that he has lost some of his traditional knowledge and skills.

The poem suggests that the change from paddy to rubber trees has had a negative impact on the farmer's attitude. He has become more materialistic, more dependent on the market, and less independent. He has also lost some of his traditional knowledge and skills.

10. Prepare a write up on the socio cultural changes satirised by Chemmanam Chacko in the Rice.

Chemmanam Chacko's poem "Rice" is a satirical commentary on the socio-cultural changes that have taken place in Kerala as a result of the shift from rice cultivation to cash crops.

One of the most significant changes is the loss of traditional food culture. The speaker of the poem returns to his native village to find that the paddy fields have been replaced by rubber plantations and arecanut groves. This means that the community is now dependent on outside sources for its food. This is a major shift from the traditional way of life, in which people were self-sufficient and grew their own food.

Another change is the decline of traditional skills and knowledge. The farmer in the poem no longer knows how to grow rice. This is because he has switched to growing rubber trees, which is a more profitable crop, but one that requires less skill and knowledge to cultivate. The loss of traditional skills and knowledge is a significant loss for the community, as it makes it more dependent on outside sources for its needs.

The poem also satirizes the growing materialism and consumerism in Kerala. The farmer in the poem is more concerned with profit than with producing food for his community. He is also more dependent on the market, as he has to buy husk from the government in order to make toys, and he has to sell his rubber to the market in order to make a living. The poem suggests that the shift to cash crops has led to a loss of traditional values, such as self-sufficiency and community spirit.

Overall, the poem "Rice" is a powerful satire of the socio-cultural changes that have taken place in Kerala as a result of the shift from rice cultivation to cash crops. The poem suggests that these changes have had a negative impact on the community, leading to a loss of traditional food culture, traditional skills and knowledge, and traditional values.

Here are some specific examples from the poem that show the socio-cultural changes that have satirized by Chemmanam Chacko:

•  The farmer has stopped farming rice because it was not profitable. This shows the loss of traditional food culture.

•  The farmer does not know how to grow rice anymore. This shows the decline of traditional skills and knowledge.

•  The farmer is more concerned with profit than with producing food for his community. This shows the growing materialism and consumerism in Kerala.

The poem is a cautionary tale about the dangers of unchecked economic development. It suggests that we need to be careful not to lose our traditional values and culture in the pursuit of profit.

11. According to the Father on the poem Rice, "only fools turn yo ruce farming for gain".However the poet comes home eager to eat a meal of athikira rice.Compare the attitude of the poet and his father.

The attitudes of the poet and his father in the poem "Rice" by Chemmanam Chacko are different in a number of ways.

The poet is eager to eat a meal of athikira rice, which is a type of rice that is native to Kerala. This shows that the poet is still attached to traditional food culture. The poet is also disappointed to see that the paddy fields in his native village have been replaced by rubber plantations and arecanut groves. This shows that the poet is concerned about the loss of traditional ways of life.

The poet's father, on the other hand, has stopped farming rice because it was not profitable. He says that "only fools turn to rice farming for gain." This shows that the poet's father is more concerned with profit than with traditional food culture or ways of life.

The poet's father's attitude is likely a reflection of the changes that have taken place in Kerala's agricultural landscape in recent decades. Farmers are increasingly switching to cash crops, such as rubber and arecanut, because they are more profitable than traditional food crops. This shift has led to a loss of traditional food culture and ways of life.

The contrast between the attitudes of the poet and his father highlights the tension between traditional and modern ways of life in Kerala. The poet represents the traditional way of life, which is based on self-sufficiency and community spirit. The poet's father represents the modern way of life, which is based on materialism and consumerism.

The poem suggests that the shift from traditional food crops to cash crops is having a negative impact on Kerala's culture and society. It is leading to a loss of traditional values, such as self-sufficiency and community spirit.

12. After reading Chemmanam Chacko's poem Rice, you became worried about the paddy cultivation in your locality.So you decide to share your thoughts on the need of planting rice through a blog. Prepare the blog.

The importance of planting rice

        Ammu/ 20 October 2023

Rice is the staple food of the billions of people keralites who live around the world. It is a nutritious and versatile grain that can be used to make a wide variety of dishes. In addition to its nutritional value, rice also plays an important role in culture and society in many parts of the world.

In recent years, there has been a decline in rice cultivation in many parts of the world. This is due to a number of factors, including the shift to cash crops, climate change, and urbanization. However, it is important to remember that rice is essential to the global food supply and to the food security of billions of people.

There are a number of reasons why we need to plant rice. First, rice is a highly productive crop. It can be grown on a variety of soils and in a variety of climates. This makes it a good crop for growing in developing countries, where food security is a major concern.

Second, rice is a nutritious crop. It is a good source of carbohydrates, protein, and vitamins. Rice is also gluten-free, making it a good choice for people with celiac disease or gluten intolerance.

Third, rice is a versatile crop. It can be used to make a wide variety of dishes. Rice can also be used to make flour, which can be used to make bread, pasta, and other baked goods.

Finally, rice plays an important role in culture and society in many parts of the world. Rice is often used in religious and cultural ceremonies. It is also a symbol of prosperity and good fortune.

If you are concerned about the decline of rice cultivation in your locality, there are a number of things you can do to help. First, you can support farmers who grow rice. You can do this by buying rice from local farmers' markets or by joining a community-supported agriculture (CSA) program.

Second, you can advocate for policies that support rice cultivation. You can contact your elected officials and let them know that you support programs that help farmers grow rice.

Finally, you can educate others about the importance of rice. You can do this by talking to your friends and family about the benefits of rice and why it is important to support rice cultivation.

By taking these steps, you can help to ensure that rice remains a staple food for billions of people around the world for generations to come.

13. Imagine that you are participating in a debate on the topic ' Food crops should be preferred to cash crops'. Write four arguments either in favour of or against the topic.

Arguments in favor of food crops over cash crops

1.  Food security: Food crops are essential for human survival, while cash crops are not. By prioritizing food crops, we can ensure that everyone has enough to eat.

2.  Nutrition: Food crops are generally more nutritious than cash crops.

3.  Environment: Food crops are typically less harmful to the environment than cash crops.

4.  Sustainability: Food crops are more sustainable than cash crops.

Arguments against food crops over cash crops

1.  Income: Cash crops are often more profitable than food crops. This is because cash crops are in high demand on the global market.

2.  Employment: Cash crops can generate more jobs than food crops. This is because cash crops require more labor to grow and process.

3.  Economic growth: Cash crops can boost economic growth in developing countries. This is because cash crops can be exported to other countries for hard currency.

4.  Choice: Consumers should have the freedom to choose what they want to eat. This means that there should be a variety of both food crops and cash crops available.

14. The change in the attitude of the farmers have resulted in the loss of paddy fields in Kerala. Write two suggestions to revive paddy cultivation in the state.

Here are two suggestions to revive paddy cultivation in Kerala:

1. Make paddy cultivation more profitable for farmers.

This can be done by providing farmers with subsidies on inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides. The government can also purchase paddy from farmers at a guaranteed minimum support price. This will ensure that farmers get a fair price for their crop and make paddy cultivation more profitable for them.

2. Promote sustainable paddy cultivation practices.

This can be done by providing farmers with training on sustainable farming practices such as integrated pest management and water conservation techniques. The government can also provide farmers with access to credit and other resources to help them adopt sustainable farming practices.

In addition to these two suggestions, it is also important to address the socio-cultural factors that have led to the decline of paddy cultivation in Kerala. For example, the government needs to promote awareness among the younger generation about the importance of paddy cultivation. The government can also support initiatives that promote traditional food culture and ways of life.

By taking these steps, the government can help to revive paddy cultivation in Kerala and ensure that this important crop remains a staple food for the people of Kerala for generations to come.

15. The contrast between the nostalgic expectations and reality as presented in the poem  'Rice' by Chemmanam Chacko reminds us of some harsh realities such as the disastrous vanishing of the vast stretches of water logged paddy fields and our indigenous  varieties of food crops. Instead of a system of values, we have the market ruling us, making decisions for us. ln the light of your understanding of the poem you decide to prepare an article on 'preserving agriculture and indigenous farming for sustainable development' to be published in the school magazine.

Preserving Agriculture and Indigenous Farming for Sustainable Development

Agriculture and indigenous farming are essential for sustainable development. Agriculture provides us with the food we eat and the raw materials for many of the products we use. Indigenous farming practices are often more sustainable than modern agricultural practices, and they can help to preserve biodiversity and protect the environment.

However, agriculture and indigenous farming are both under threat today. Modern agricultural practices are often harmful to the environment, and they can lead to land degradation, water pollution, and climate change. Indigenous farming practices are often disappearing due to the globalization of the food system and the pressure to produce cash crops.

It is important to preserve agriculture and indigenous farming for sustainable development. Here are some things that we can do:

•  Support sustainable agricultural practices. We can do this by buying food from local farmers who use sustainable farming methods. We can also advocate for policies that support sustainable agriculture.

•  Preserve indigenous farming practices. We can do this by supporting indigenous communities and by learning about their farming practices. We can also advocate for policies that protect indigenous farming.

•  Reduce our consumption of meat and dairy products. Meat and dairy production are two of the most environmentally damaging forms of agriculture. We can reduce our impact on the environment by eating less meat and dairy and more plant-based foods.

By taking these steps, we can help to preserve agriculture and indigenous farming for sustainable development.

16. Read the poem 'A Farmer's Fantasy'. Compare and contrast it with the poem 'Rice 'and attempt a Comparative description.

A Farmer's Fantasy

With just a handful of barren-land 

And tottering dreams based on the sand 

Yet the desire continue to bloom 

To produce the green out of the doom.

 

No frill now, can satiate his needs 

A tinge of grass is for all he pleads 

Extracting life out nature’s legacy 

So small is that farmer’s fantasy 

 

( Vaibav Panday )

 

Both the poems "Rice" by Chemmanam Chacko and "A Farmer's Fantasy" by Vaibhav Pandey are about farmers.

Both the poems explore the challenges faced by farmers. In "Rice," the farmer is struggling to cope with the changes in the agricultural landscape, such as the shift from paddy cultivation to cash crops. In "A Farmer's Fantasy," the farmer is struggling to make a living on barren land.

Both the poems celebrate the resilience and determination of farmers. Despite the challenges they face, farmers continue to work hard to produce food.

While the poem "Rice" is set in a specific place, Kerala, India, The poem "A Farmer's Fantasy" is set in a more general setting. The poem "Rice" is more realistic in its tone. The poem "A Farmer's Fantasy" is more idealistic in its tone. The poem "Rice" explores the impact of economic and social forces on farmers. The poem "A Farmer's Fantasy" focuses on the farmer's inner world and his dreams for the future.

 

The poem "Rice" is a more complex  than the poem "A Farmer's Fantasy." Chacko's poem explores the complex relationship between humans and nature, and the ways in which economic and social forces can impact traditional ways of life. Pandey's poem is a more straightforward poem that celebrates the resilience and determination of farmers.

Both poems are valuable contributions to the literature on agriculture and rural life. They offer us different perspectives on the experiences of farmers and the challenges they face.

There is a contrast between the farmer's dreams and his reality in the poem "A Farmer's Fantasy." The farmer dreams of a simple life, with enough food to eat and a roof over his head. However, his reality is one of struggle and hardship. He is forced to work on barren land and he is barely able to make a living.

This contrast highlights the challenges faced by farmers in many parts of the world. Farmers often work hard to produce food for others, but they themselves often struggle to make a living. It is important to remember the sacrifices that farmers make and to support them in any way that we can.

Both the poems explore the challenges faced by farmers. In "Rice," the farmer is struggling to cope with the changes in the agricultural landscape, such as the shift from paddy cultivation to cash crops. In "A Farmer's Fantasy," the farmer is struggling to make a living on barren land.Both the poems celebrate the resilience and determination of farmers. Despite the challenges they face, farmers continue to work hard to produce food.

17. Bring out the elements of satire in the poem “Rice” highlighting the changes in the attitude of people with the changing times.

Here are the elements of satire in the poem “Rice” by Chemmanam Chacko:

 

•  Exaggeration: The speaker's father claims that rice farming is "inconvenient" and that only "fools" would turn to it for gain. This is an exaggeration, as rice farming is a perfectly viable way to make a living.

 

•  Hypocrisy: The speaker's father is happy to accept government handouts of rice, but he is unwilling to grow rice himself. This is hypocritical, as he is benefiting from the government's support of the agricultural sector while also contributing to its decline.

 

•  Sarcasm: The speaker's question about whether the government will give him some husk from the Centre to make toys with is a sarcastic comment on the government's failure to support the agricultural sector.

 

•  Irony: The speaker is disappointed to find that his father has stopped farming rice, but his father is happy with the change. This is ironic, as the speaker is the one who has been away for four years and should be more familiar with the changes that have taken place.

 

The poem also highlights the changes in the attitude of people with the changing times. The speaker's father is willing to abandon the traditional way of life and switch to cash crops in order to make a profit. This is a reflection of the increasing materialism and greed of the modern world.

The poem is a satire of the government's policies towards agriculture and the changes in the attitude of people with the changing times. It is a warning about the dangers of monoculture and the importance of preserving traditional ways of life.

Chemmanam Chacko (1926-2018) was a Malayalam poet, playwright, and essayist. He is considered to be one of the most important poets of the post-independence era in Malayalam literature.

 

Chacko was born in the village of Chemmanam in Kottayam district, Kerala, India. He began writing poetry at a young age and published his first collection of poems in 1953. He went on to publish over 20 collections of poems, as well as several plays and essays.

Chacko's poetry is known for its realism, its social commentary, and its lyrical beauty. He often wrote about the lives of ordinary people, especially farmers and the poor. He was also a strong critic of social injustice and inequality.

Chacko's work has been translated into several languages, including English, Hindi, and Tamil. He has received numerous awards for his work, including the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award and the Padma Shri, one of India's highest civilian honors.

Here are some of Chacko's most famous poems:

  • Rice
  • The Farmer's Wife
  • The Migrant Worker
  • The Old Woman
  • The Child

Chacko's poems are relevant to plus two students because they deal with important social issues such as poverty, inequality, and injustice. His poems are also a valuable source of information about traditional Kerala culture and society.

Here are some of the themes that are explored in Chacko's poems:

  • Social injustice and inequality
  • The plight of the poor and marginalized
  • The importance of nature and the environment
  • The loss of traditional culture and ways of life
  • The resilience and determination of the human spirit

Chacko's poems are a valuable addition to the curriculum for plus two students because they offer them a different perspective on the world and help them to develop their critical thinking skills.

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